| On this date in: |
| 1770 | German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born in Stuttgart. |
| 1859 | Edwin L. Drake drilled the first successful U.S. oil well near Titusville, Pa. |
| 1883 | The island volcano Krakatoa erupted and the resulting tidal waves claimed some 36,000 lives on the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. |
| 1928 | The Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed in Paris, outlawing war and providing for the peaceful settlement of disputes. |
| 1945 | American troops began landing in Japan following the surrender of the Japanese government in World War II. |
| 1962 | The United States launched the Mariner 2 space probe, which flew past Venus the following December. |
| 1967 | The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was found dead from an overdose of sleeping pills. |
| 1975 | Haile Selassie, the last emperor of Ethiopia's 3,000-year-old monarchy, died in Addis Ababa almost a year after being overthrown. |
| 1979 | British war hero Lord Louis Mountbatten was killed off the coast of Ireland in a boat explosion; the Irish Republican Army claimed responsibility. |
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| AP Photo |
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| 2007 | Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick pleaded guilty in Richmond, Va., to a federal dogfighting charge. |
| 2008 | Sen. Barack Obama of Illinois was nominated for president by the Democratic National Convention in Denver. |
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