| On this date in: |
| 1848 | Former President John Quincy Adams suffered a stroke on the floor of the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C. (He died two days later.) |
| 1878 | The first telephone directory was issued, by the District Telephone Co. of New Haven, Conn. |
| 1885 | The Washington Monument was dedicated. |
| 1907 | Poet W.H. Auden was born in York, England. |
| 1916 | The World War I Battle of Verdun began in France. |
| 1925 | The New Yorker magazine made its debut. |
| 1947 | Edwin H. Land publicly demonstrated his Polaroid Land camera, which could produce a black-and-white photograph in 60 seconds. |
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| AP Photo |
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| 1972 | President Richard M. Nixon began his historic visit to China. |
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| AP Photo |
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| 1973 | Israeli fighter planes shot down a Libyan Airlines jet over the Sinai Desert, killing more than 100 people. |
| 1975 | Former Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H.R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman were sentenced to 2 1/2 to 8 years in prison for their roles in the Watergate cover-up. |
| 1988 | TV evangelist Jimmy Swaggart tearfully confessed to his congregation in Baton Rouge, La., that he was guilty of an unspecified sin, and said he was leaving the pulpit temporarily. (Reports linked Swaggart to a prostitute.)
 | Jimmy Swaggert |
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| 1989 | President George H.W. Bush called Ayatollah Khomeini's death warrant against "Satanic Verses" author Salman Rushdie "deeply offensive to the norms of civilized behavior." |
| 1995 | Chicago stockbroker Steve Fossett became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon, landing in Canada. |
| 2011 | Deep cracks opened in Moammar Gadhafi's regime, with Libyan government officials at home and abroad resigning, air force pilots defecting and a major government building ablaze after clashes in the capital of Tripoli. |
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