| On this date in: |
| 79 | Mount Vesuvius erupted, burying the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in volcanic ash. An estimated 20,000 people died. |
| 1572 | The slaughter of French Protestants at the hands of Catholics began in Paris. |
| 1814 | British forces invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol and the White House. |
| 1857 | The New York branch of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Co. failed, sparking the Panic of 1857. |
| 1932 | Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly nonstop across the United States, traveling from Los Angeles to Newark, N.J., in just over 19 hours. |
| 1949 | The North Atlantic Treaty went into effect. |
| 1954 | The Communist Control Act went into effect, virtually outlawing the Communist Party in the United States. |
| 1968 | France became the world's fifth thermonuclear power as it exploded a hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific. |
| 1970 | A bomb planted by anti-war extremists exploded at the University of Wisconsin's Army Math Research Center in Madison, killing a researcher. |
| 1981 | Mark David Chapman was sentenced in New York to 20 years to life in prison for the murder of rock musician John Lennon. |
| 1989 | Baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti banned Pete Rose from the game for gambling. |
| 2006 | The International Astronomical Union declared that Pluto was no longer a planet, demoting it to the status of a "dwarf planet." |
| 2007 | A judge in Inverness, Fla., sentenced John Evander Couey to death for kidnapping 9-year-old Jessica Lunsford, raping her and burying her alive. |
| 2007 | James Ford Seale, a reputed Ku Klux Klansman, was sentenced to three life terms for his role in the 1964 abduction and murder of two black teenagers in Mississippi. |
| 2007 | The NFL suspended Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick for his involvement in dogfighting. |
| 2011 | Steve Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple Inc. |
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